The slow death of the pound….
In 2007 a single pound could buy you $2.10 or €1.50 – not any more. And it’s only getting worse from here on in.
9:12, Friday 7 October 2011
, Watch out Mervyn King. The governor of the Bank of England surprised the markets on Thursday and announced another round of quantitative easing (effectively printing more money) to the tune of £75 billion.
The first thing sterling did after this announcement was plunge against every major currency and, since money printing is usually associated with a falling currency, there may be more weakness to come.
So what can the average person expect from quantitative easing (QE)? While the Bank of England and the wider banking sector deal with the nitty gritty of how to implement QE and when to buy government bonds, the main thing we will notice is rising prices.
Yes, that's right, as if prices hadn't risen enough the Bank now expects inflation to top 5% in the next month or so. If you had thought prices in the supermarket or at the petrol station would go down any time soon, think again.
The trouble with QE is that it depreciates a currency, which makes everything we import — petrol and food for example — more expensive. Added to that, a weaker currency makes foreign trips costly. On the surface then QE only benefits those who prefer staycations and grow their own veggies.
Why do it then?
So why did King embark on something with such sour consequences? The Bank's justification was that in the medium-term (say 2-years) the risk is that inflation may collapse. Lower prices might sound like a good thing, but it's not that good when corporate profits start to fall leading to unemployment at worst or wage cuts at best.
So providing steady, low levels of inflation are vital for the health of the UK, and that is what King is trying to achieve. But don't expect King to get off that lightly in the coming days and weeks. There is a risk that he could have got it catastrophically wrong.
If the eurozone debt crisis subsides and the economic outlook picks up then King and co. at the Bank of England will have pumped the UK economy full of money at exactly the wrong time. If this scenario pans out then we could see inflation reach 6%, maybe even higher in the coming months.
[See also: Is Ireland showing us all the way out?]
So what about sterling?
There are some positives from a weak pound; for example, it makes UK-produced goods cheaper on the global markets. Calls to reduce our reliance on the financial sector means that we need to fill the growth gap, one way is to boost our exports and a weak pound can help with that process.
But it also opens the UK to criticism. Some people think that a weaker currency manufactured by the Bank of England is also a ploy to try and reduce our huge national debt.
Rising inflation eats away at the value of a debt, which is a good for a debtor like the government and bad for a creditor like many of our pension funds who hold UK Gilts (effectively IOUs from the government) in their investment portfolios.
This is a delicate issue, if the Bank seems to be standing back while inflation rages through the economy then it will be accused of monetising the UK's debt — effectively creating an "inflation tax" that takes money away from savers and hands it to borrowers. This would be a huge blow to the Bank's credibility and could also make it harder for the UK to borrow in future.
Whatever happens the pound loses
Whichever way you look at it, at this juncture it's hard to see a good outcome for the pound. If the Bank is accused of helping to inflate away our national debt this is bad news, if the economy gets worse and QE has little effect this is more bad news for sterling.
Overall, the BOE is playing a high stakes game. It has bet on the worst case scenario panning out and if things don't go according to plan then it is hard to see Mervyn remaining at the helm of the central bank. So while the pound starts to wobble, King will be busy defending himself in the weeks ahead.
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